CHAPTER 1

BIOGEOGRAPHY:
Patterns of distributions of organisms

• in space
• in time

Processes that determin the patterns

• biological
• physical

Why do orginisms live where they do?
Hugget

• biological
• Ecological Biogeography [example]
  • Evolutionary Ecology
  • Systematics (see box 1.1, Huggett)
• physical
• Historical Biogeography
  • Cladistics
    http://www.fossilnews.com/1996/cladistics.html

Scale (space & time):

• taxonomic rank [example]
• community - biome
• historic, postglacial, Phanerozoic

Scale
Time: changing of the patterns of distributions

• Geological time scale
• Ecological time scale

Biogeography: synthetic, eclectic

• Phytogeography: plants
• Zoogeography: animals
• Historical Biogeography: orginations, extinctions, evolution
• Ecological Biogeography (current): tolerances, optima, competition, predation
• Paleoecology: history of ecological interactions and climate

Biology, Botany, Genetics, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Systematics, Meteorology, Geography, Geology, Oceanography,Mathematics

Principles
Time
Uniformitarianism (actualism): in general, physical laws have operated in the past

Principles
Inductive reasoning: from particular observations to general principals

• discovering the rules

Principles
Deductive reasoning: from general laws to specific predictions

• making predictions based on the rules