Hudsonian Canadian Transition Upper Sonoran Lower Sonoran

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Clinton Hart Merriam

author: The Dawn of the World
historic photographs by Merriam
explorer Voyage of the Eldar PBS / PBS biography
NAU biograpny NAU gradient

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    Merriam, C.H.

      1890 Results of a biological survey of the San Francisco Mountains region and desert of the Little Colorado in Arizona. Department of Agriculture, Div. Ornithology and Mammalogy. North American Fauna 3: 1-136.

      1891 Results of a biological reconnaissance of south-central Idaho. Department of Agriculture, Div. Ornithology and Mammalogy. North American Fauna 5: 1-127.  

      1892 The geographical distribution of life in North America with special reference to the mammalia. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 7: 1-64.

      1893 Report on desert trees and shrubs. V.6 in The Death Valley Expedition: A biological survey of parts of California, Nevada, Arizona and Utah. Part II. North American Fauna 7.

      1894 Laws of temperature control of the geographic distribution of terrestrial animals and plants. National Geographic Magazine 6: 229-238.

      1898 Life-zones and crop-zones of the United States. Department of Agriculture, Biological Survey Bulletin 10: 1-79.

      1899 Biological survey of Mount Shata. Department of Agriculture, Div. Ornithology and Mammalogy. North American Fauna 10: 1-180.

      1899 Zone temperatures. Science 9: 116.




Merriam Effect

    Merriam 1890.

    Lowe, C.H.,Jr. 1961. Biotic communitis in the Sub-Mogollon region of the inland Southwest. Journal Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 2: 40-49.

    vs. "Massenerhebung effect" higher on more massive mts.

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Lower Sonoran Life Zone

Great Basin Desert Mojave Desert Sonoran Desert Chihuahuan Desert

Ephedra spp. [+ +]

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Lower Sonoran Life Zone - Great Basin Desert

Desert Museum

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Lower Sonoran Life Zone - Mojave Desert

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Lower Sonoran Life Zone - Sonoran Desert

Precip mm. Temp Jan °C Temp Jul °C
200 8.3 33.9
http://helios.bto.ed.ac.uk/bto/desbiome/chihua.htm

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Lower Sonoran Life Zone - Chihuahuan Desert

http://helios.bto.ed.ac.uk/bto/desbiome/chihua.htm

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Upper Sonoran Life Zone - Desert Grassland

Precip mm. Temp Jan °C Temp Jul °C
280 5 28

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Upper Sonoran Life Zone - Chaparral

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Upper Sonoran Life Zone - Woodland

Precip mm. Temp Jan °C Temp Jul °C
430 1 23

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Transition Life Zone

Precip mm. Temp Jan °C Temp Jul °C
533 -4 18
NAU

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Canadian Life Zone

Precip mm. Temp Jan °C Temp Jul °C
660 -4 16

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Hudsonian Life Zone

Precip mm. Temp Jan °C Temp Jul °C
813 -6 6

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Arctic-Alpine Life Zone

Precip mm. Temp Jan °C Temp Jul °C
914 -9 9
Mt. Kathaden 1978

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ARIZONA STATE

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