INTRODUCTION TO QUATERNARY ECOLOGY
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GENERAL REFERENCESBell M. and Walker, M.J.C. 1992. Late Quaternary Environmental Change. Physical and Human Perspectives. Longmans, London. Berger, W.H., Imbrie, J., Hays, J., Kukla, G., and Saltzman, B. 1982. Milankovitch and Climate Understanding the Response to Astronomical Forcing. NATO ASI Series C: Mathemat. and Physical Sci. Vol. 126. 2 vols. Berger, W.H. and Labeyrie, L.D. (Eds.) 1987. Abrupt Climatic Change. NATO ASI Series C: Mathematics and Physical Science Vol. 216. Berglund, B.E. 1986. Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology. John Wiley, New York, 869 p. Berglund, B.E., Birks, H.J.B., Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, M. & Wright, H.E. (Eds.) 1996. Palaeoecological Events during the last 15000 years. Regional Syntheses of Palaeoecological Studies of Lakes and Mires in Europe. J. Wiley & Sons, Chichester. 764 pp. Betancourt, JL., Van Devender, T.R., and Martin, P.S. 1990. Packrat Middens The Last 40,000 years of Biotic Change. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson, 467 p. Birks, H.J.B. and Birks, H.H. 1980. Quaternary Palaeoecology. Univ. Park Press, Baltimore,. 289 p. Bradley, R.S. 1999. Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary. International Geophysics Series v. 64, Academic Press. 613 p. Bradley, R.S. and Jones, P.D. 1992. Climate Since A.D. 1500. Routledge, New York, 679 p. Broecker, W.S. 1995. The Glacial World According to Wally. Eldigio Press, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University , Palisades, New York, 312 p. plus appendices. Bryant, V.M., Jr. and Holloway, R.G. 1985. Pollen Records of Late-Quaternary North American Sediments. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Dallas Texas, 423 p. Bull W.B. 1991.Geomorphic Responses to Climatic Change, Oxford University Press. New York, 326 p. Cronin, T.M. 1999. Principles of Paleoclimatology: Perspectives in Paleobiology and Earth History. New York: Columbia University Press. Viewed online 7/04 at www.earthscape.org/r3/cronin/. Last updated 10/99. Delcourt, H.R. and Delcourt, P.A. 1991. Quaternary Ecology: A Paleoecological Perspective. Chapman & Hall, New York, 242 p. Diaz, H.F. and Markgraf, V. 1992. El Niño Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 476 p. Easterbrook, D.J. Dating Quaternary Sediments. Gelogical Society of America Special Paper 227. Eighmy, J.L. and Sternberg, R.S. 1990. Archaeomagnetic Dating. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 446 p. Faegri, K. and J. Iversen. 1975. Textbook of pollen analysis. Hafner Press, New York, 295 p. Flint, R.F. 1971. Glacial and Quaternary Geology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 892 p. Grayson, D.G. The Desert's Past, A Natural Prehistory of the Great Basin. Smithsonian Press, Washington D.C., 356 p. Grove, J.M. 1988. The Little Ice Age. Methuen, London, 498 p. Haworth, E.Y. and Lund, J.W.G. 1984. Lake sediments and environmental history Studies in Palaeolimnology and Palaeoecology in honour of Winifred Tutin. Univ. Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 411 p. Horowitz, A. 1992. Palynology of Arid Lands. Elseiver, Amsterdam, 546 p. Hecht, A.D. (ed.). 1985. Paleoclimate analysis and modeling. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 445 p. Imbrie, J. and K.P. Imbrie. Ice Ages: solving the mystery. Enslow Publ., Hillside, New Jersey, 224 p. Kurten, B. and E. Anderson. 1980. Pleistocene Mammals of North America. Columbia Univ. Press, New.York, 442 p. Lamb, H. H. 1977. Climate History and the Future. Princeton Univ. Press, New Jersey, 834 p. Mannion, A.M. 1991. Global Environmental Change a Natural an Cultural Environmental History. Longman Scientific and Technical, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 404 p. Martin, P.S. and Klein, R.G. 1984. Quaternary Extinctions A Prehistoric Revolution. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson, 892 p. Matsch, C.L. 1976. North America and the Great Ice Age. McGraw-Hill, N.Y. 131 p. Moore, P.D. & Webb, J.A. 1978. An illustrated guide to pollen analysis. Hodder & Stoughton, London, 133 p. Morrison, R.B. Quaternary Nonglacial Geology: Conterminous U.S. Geological Soc. Amer, Geology of North America (DNAG) V. K-2. Pielou, E.C. 1991. After The Ice Age: The Return of Life to Glaciated North America. University of Chicago Press. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 366 p. Rampino, M.R., Sanders, J.E., Newman, W.S., and Konigsson, L.K. (Eds.) 1987. Climate History, Periodicity, and Predictability. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. 588 p. Ruddiman, W.F. 2001. Earth's Climate, Past and Future. W.H. Freeman & Co., New York. 465 p. Ruddiman, W.F. and Wright, H.E., Jr. (eds.) 1987. North America and adjacent oceans during the last deglaciation. Geol. Soc. Amer. Geol. North Amer. (DNAG) Vol. K-3. Rutter, N.W. 1985. Dating Methods of Pleistocene Deposits and Their Problems. Geol. Assoc. Canada Reprint Ser. 2 Waters, M.R. 1992. Principles of Geoarcheology. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson, 398 p. West, R.G. 1968. Pleistocene Geology and Biology with Especial Reference to the British Isles. Longmans, Green & Co Ltd. 377 p. Williams, M., Dunkerley, D., De Decker, P., Kershaw, A. and Stokes.T.1993 Quaternary Environments. Edward Arnold Publishers, N.Y. 329 p. |
HISTORY OF PLEISTOCENE STUDYASSIGNED READINGS Flint, R.F. 1971. Glacial and Quaternary Geology. John Wiley and Sons. 892 p. - CHAPTER 2 West, R.G. 1968. Pleistocene Geology and Biology with Especial Reference to the British Isles. Longmans, Green & Co Ltd. 377 p. - CHAPTER 11 OTHER REFERENCES Axelrod, D.I. 1980. Contributions to the Neogene Paleobotany of central California. The Turlock Lake flora from Stanislaus County. Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol. Sci. 121:13-60. Crompton, J.S. 2001. Holocene sea-level fluctuations inferred from the evolution of depositional environments of the southern Langebaan Lagoon salt marsh, South Africa. The Holocene 11: 395-405. Curray, J.R. 1965. Late Quaternary history, continental shelves of the United States. In: The Quaternary of the United States. H.E. Wright, Jr., and D.G. Frey, (Eds.), pp. 723-735. Princeton University Press. Evenson, E.B., Farrand, W.B., Eschman, D.F., Mickelson, D.M. and Maher, L.J. 1976. Greatlakean substage: a replacement for Valderan substage in the Lake Michigan Basin. Quaternary Research 6: 411 - 424. Fillmore, L.R., McKay, E.D., and Lineback. J.A., 1979. Wisconsinan, Sangamonian and Illinoian stratigraphy in central Illinois. Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene 26th Field Conference. May 4-6, 1979. Knutti, R., Flückiger, J., Stocker, T.F. and Timmermann, A. 2004. Strong hemispheric coupling of glacial climate through freshwater discharge and ocean circulation. Nature 430: 851-856. Frye, J.C. and Willman, H.B. 1960. Classification of the Wisconsinan Stage in the Lake Michigan glacial lobe. Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 285. 16 p. Gardner, J.V. et al. 1988. Clear Lake record s. the adjacent marine record: a correlation of their past 20,000 years of paleoclimatic and paleooceanographic responses. GSA Spec. Paper 214 171-182. Jelgersma, S. 1966. Sea-level changes during the last 10,000 years. In: Proceedings, International symposium on World Climates from 8000 B.S. to 0 B.C. pp. 54-71. London: Royal Meteorological Society. Luternaur, J.L. Clague, J.J., Conway, K.W., Barie, J.V., Blaise, B., and Mathewes, R.W. 1989. Late Pleistocene terrestrial deposits on the continental shelf of western Canada: Evidence for rapid sea-level change at the end of the last glaciation. Geology 17: 357-360. Miller K.G., Fairbanks, R.G., and Mountain, G.S. 1987. Tertiary oxygen isotope synthesis, sea level height and continental margine erosion. Paleoceanography 2:1-20. Pierce, K.L, Obradovich, J.D., and Friedman, I. 1976. Obsidian hydration dating and correlation of Bull Lake and Pinedale Glaciations near West Yellowstone, Montana. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 87:703-710. Ruddiman, W.F. and J.-C. Duplessy. 1985. Conference on the last deglaciation: timing and mechanism. Quat. Res. 23:1-18. Tripathi, A., Backman, J., Elderfield, H., Ferretti, P. 2005. Eocene bipolar glaciation associated with global carbon cycle changes. Nature 436: 341-346. Wolf, J.A. 1993. Tertiary climatic changes at middle latitudes of western North America. Palaeo Palaeo Palaeo 108:195-205. Zachos, J.C., Pagani, M., Sloan, L., Thomas, E., Billups, K. 2004. Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 ma to present Science 292: 686-693. Zachos, J.C., Röhl, U., Schellenberg, A.S., Hodell, D.A., Kelly, D.C., Nicolo, M., Raffi, I., Lourens, L.J., McCarren, H., Kroon, D. 2005. Rapid Acidification of the Ocean During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum Science 308: 1611-1615. |
THE HOLOCENEASSIGNED READING Chapter 6. Holocene Centennial and Decadal Climatic Variability. Cronin, T.M. 1999. Principles of Paleoclimatology: Perspectives in Paleobiology and Earth History. New York: Columbia University Press. Viewed online 7/04 at www.earthscape.org/r3/cronin/. Last updated 10/99. OTHER REFERENCES Antevs, E. 1931. Late-Glacial Correlations and Ice Recession in Manitoba. Geological Survey of Canada Memoir 168. Antevs, E. 1938. Postpluvial climatic variations in the southwest. Bulletin American Meteorological Society 19: 30-33. Antevs, E. 1948. The Great Basin, with emphasis on glacial and postglacial times. III Climatic changes and pre-white man. University of Utah Bulletin 38(20): 168-191. Antevs, E. 1952. Cenozoic climates of the Great Basin. Sonderdruck aus der Geologischen Rundschau Bd. 40, Heft 1. Pp. 94-108. Antevs, E. 1955. Geologic-climatic dating in the west. American Antiquity 20: 317-355. Antevs, E. 1959. Geological age of the Lehner Mammoth site. American Antiquity 24:31-34. Berry. W.B.N. 1968. Growth of a prehistoric time scale based on organic evolution. W.H. Freeman Co., San Francisco. 158 p. Blytt, A. 1876. Essay on immigration of the Norwegian flora during alternating rainy and dry periods. (proposed: Arctic Subarctic Boreal Atlantic Subboreal Subatlantic) Booth, D.B. 1987. Timing and process of deglaciation along the southern margin of the Cordilleran ice shee. pp. 71-909 in Ruddiman and Wright (DNAG). Broecker, W.S., Kennett, J.P., Flower, B.P., Teller, J.T., Trumbore, S., Bonani, G., and Wolfli, W. 1989. Nature 341:318-321. Bryan, F. 1986. Interocean exchange of thermocline water and its influence on thermohaline circulation. Nature 323: 301-304. Cwynar, L.C. and W.A. Watts. 1989. Accelerator-Mass Spectrometer Ages for Late-Glacial events at Ballybetaugh, Ireland. Quat. Res. 31:377-381. Davis, O.K. 1989. The regionalization of climatic change in western North America. p. 617-636 In: M. Leinen (Editor) "Paleoclimatology and Paleometeorology: modern and past patterns of global atmospheric transport." NATO ASI Series D. Reidel Publ. Davis, O.K. and Sellers, W.D. 1994. Orbital History and seasonality of regional precipitation. In: J.D. Gunn (Editor), Global Climate - Human Life: Physical Contents of Historic Landscapes. Human Ecology 22:97-113. Davis, O.K., Cutler, A.H., Meldah., K.H., Palacios-Fest, M.R. Schreiber, J.F., Jr., Lock, B.E., Williams, L.J., Lancaster, N., Shaw, C.A., and Sinitiere, S.M. Quaternary Geology of Bahai Adair and the Gran Desierto. Fieldtrip Guide for Fourth Workshop, IGCP 252, March 6-9, 1990, Tucson, AZ. 32 p. Deevey, E.S. and Flint, R.F. 1957. Postglacial Hypsithermal interval. Science 125:182-184. Denton, G.H. and W. Karlen. 1973. Holocene climatic variations -- their pattern and possible cause. Quat. Res. 3:155-205. Forbes, E. 1846. On the connection between the distribution of the existing fauna and flora of the British Isles, and the goelogical changes which have affected their area, especially during the epoch of the Northern Drift. Mem. Geol. Surv. Gr. Brit. 1: 336-432. (Great Britain vegetation migration, pre-glacial warmth) Goslar, T., Arnold M., Bard E., Kuc T., Pazdur M.F., Ralska-Jasiewiczowa M., Rózanski K., Tisnerat N., Walanus A., Wicik B., Wieckowski K., 1995. High concentration of 14C during the Younger Dryas cold episode. Nature 377: 414-417. Gray, A. 1859. The flora of Japan. Scientific papers 1: 123-141. (thermal maximum [Tertiary] warmth) Haynes, C.V., Jr. 1968. Preliminary report on the late Quaternary geology of the San Pedro Valley, Arizona. Southern Arizona Guidebook, Arizona Geological Society 3:79-96. Harvey, L.D.D. 1989. Modelling the Younger Dryas. Quat Sci Rev 3:137-149 Iversen, J. 1956. Forest Clearance in the Stone Age. Scientific American 194: 36-41. Jones, P.D., Osborn, T.J., Briffa, K.R. 2001. The evolution of climate over the last millennium. Science 292: 662-667. Kaiser, K.F. 1994. Two Creeks interstade dated through dendrochronology and AMS. Quaternary Research 42:288-298. Keigwin, L.D. and Jones, G.A. 1990. Deglacial climatic oscillations in the Gulf of California. Paleoceanography 5(6):1009-1023. Kerner, A. 1870-1. Der Enfluss der Winde auf die Verbreitung der Samen in Hochgebirge. Zeits. Deut. Alpenver 2: 1-171. (postglacial xerothermic, plant migration northward) Komarov, V.L. (D.Love Transl., 1988). Vegetation of the Soviet Polar Deserts. Cambridge Univ. Press, N.Y. Kraft, J.C., Belknap, D.F., and Demarest,J.M. (1987). Prediction of the effects of sea-level change from paralic and inner shelf stratigraphic sequences. In Climate History, Periodicity and Predictability. (M.R. Rampino, J.E. Sanders, W.S. Newman, and L.K. Konigsson, Eds.), pp. 166-192. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York. Lamb, H. H. 1977. Climate History and the Future. Princeton University Press. Levesque, A.L., Cwynar, L.C. and Walker, I.R. 1994. A multiproxy investigation of late-glacial climate and vegetation chanage at Pine Ridge Pond, southwest New Brunswick, Canada. Quaternary Research 43:316-327. Mann, M.E., Bradley, R.S., and Hughes, M.K. 1999. Northern hemisphere temperatures during the past millennium: Inferences, uncertainties, and limitations. American Geophysical Union Geophysical Research Letters 26: 759. Mayewski, P.A., Meeker, L.D., Whitlow, S., Twickler, M.S., Morrison, M.C., Alley, R.B., Bloomfield, P., and Taylor, K. 1993. The atmosphere during the Younger Dryas. Science 261:195-197. McAndrews, J.H. 1967. Pollen analysis and vegetational history of the Itasca Region, Minnesota. p. 2198–236 in E. Cushing and H. Wright, editors. Quaternary paleoecology. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut. Motyka, R.A. 2003. Little Ice Age subsidence and post Little Ice Age uplift at Juneau, Alaska, inferred from dendrochronology and geomorphology. Quaternary Research 59: 300-309. Pons, A., de Beaulieu, J.-L., Guiot, J., and Reille, M. 1987. The Younger Dryas as a model of abrupt climate change. pp. 214-217 In: Berger, W.H. and Labeyrie, L.D., (Eds.) Abrupt climate change. Reidel, Dordecht. Rind, D., Peteet, D.M., Broecker, W., McIntyre, A., Ruddiman, W. 1986. The impact of cold North Atlantic sea surface temperatures on climate: implications for the Younger Dryas Cooling (11-10K). Climatic Dynamics 1:3-33. Rind, D., Peteet, D., Broecker, W.S., McIntyre, A., and Ruddiman, W. (1986). The impact of cold north Atlantic sea surface temperatures on climate: implications for the Younger Dryas cooling (11-10k). Climatic Dynamics 1: 3-33. Rooth, C. 1982. Hydrology and ocean circulation. Progr. Oceanogr. 11:131-149. Ruddiman, W.F. and J.-C. Duplessy. 1985. Conference on the last deglaciation: timing and mechanism. Quat. Res. 23:1-18. Sears, P.B. 1942. Xerothermic theory. Botanical Review 8: 708-736. Sernander, R. 1908. On the evidence of postglacial changes of climate furnished by the peat-mosses of northern Europe. Geol. Fren. Frh., 30, 456-478. Sernander, R. 1910. Discussion. Int. Geol. Congr. 11 Compte Rendu 1: 404-409. (Subboreal = The Xerothermic Period, student of Blytt.) Shane, L.C. 1987. Late-glacial vegetational and climatic history of the Allegheny Plateau and the Till Plains of Ohio and Indiana, U.S.A. Boreas 16: 1-20. Tarasov, L. and Peltier, W.R. 2005. Arctic freshwater forcing of the Younger Dryas cold reversal. Nature 435: 662-665. Teller, J.T., Boyd, M., Yang, Z., Kor, P.S.G. and Fard, A.M. 2005. Alternative routing of Lake Agassiz overflow during the Younger Dryas: new dates, paleotopography, and a revaluation. Quaternary Science Reviews 24: 1890-1905. Walker, I.R., Mott, R.J. and Smol, J.P. 1991. Allerod-Younger Dryas lake temperatures from midge fossils in Atlantic Canada. Science 253:1010-1012. R.A. Watson, H.E. Wright, Jr. 1980. The end of the Pleistocene. Boreas 9:153-163. Von Post, L. 1916. Om skogsträdpollen I sydsvenska torfmosselagerföljder. Geologiska Föreningens I Stockholm Förhandlingar. 38: 384-390. Weber, C.A. 1926. Grenzhorizont und Klimaschwankungen. Abhandl. Naturwiss. Vereins, Bremen 26: 98-106. Wright. H.E., Jr. 1977. Quaternary vegetation history -- some comparisons between Europe and America. Ann Rev. Earth Plant Sci. 5:123-158. H.E. Wright 1982. Holocene Chronostratigraphy for United States and southern Canada. Striae 16:53-55. |
PLUVIAL LAKESASSIGNED READING Licciardi, J.M. 2001. Chronology of latest Pleistocene lake-level fluctuations in the pluvial Lake Chewaucan basin, Oregon, USA. Journal Quaternary Science 16(6): 545–553. see: R.S. Bradley. 1999. Paleoclimatology: reconstructing climates of the Quaternary (2nd Ed.) Academic Press. Chapter 7.6 OTHER REFERENCES Adams, K.D., Wesnousky, S.G., and Bills, B.G., 1999. Isostatic rebound, active faulting, and potential geomorphic effects in the Lake Lahontan basin, Nevada and California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 111(12) :1739-1756. Benson, Currey, Dorn, Lajoie, Oviatt, Robinson, Smith, Stine. 1990. Chronology of expansion and contraction of four Great Basin lake systems during the past 35,000 years. Palaeo. Palaeo. Palaeo. 78: 241-286. Butzer, K.W., Isaac, G.L., Richardson, J.L. and Washburn-Kamau 1971. Radiocarbon dating of east African lake levels. Science 175: 1069-1076. Davis, O.K. 1998. Palynological evidence for vegetation cycles in a 1.5 million year pollen record from the Great Salt Lake, Utah, U.S.A. Palaeo. Palaeo. Palaeo. 138: 175-185. Harrison, S.P. 1993. Late Quaternary lake-level changes and climates of Australia. Palaeo. Palaeo. Palaeo. 80: 211-226. Liddicoat, J.C. and R.S. Coe. 1997. Paleomagneitc investigation of Lake Lahontan sediments and its application for dating pluvial events in the northwestern Great Basin. Quaternary Research 47: 45-53 Lougee, R. J. 1953. A chronology of postglacial time in eastern North America. Scientific Montly 76: 259-276. Morrison, R.B. 1991. Quaternary stratigraphic, hydrologic, and climatic history of the Great Basin, with emphasis on Lakes Lahontan, Bonneville, and Tecopa. pp. 283-321 IN: Morrison, R.B. (Ed.) Quaternary Nonglacial Geology: Conterminous U.S. GSA DNAG Vol. K-2. Oviatt, C.G. 1988. Late Pleistocene and Holocene lake fluctuations in the Sevier Lake Basin, Utah, USA.. Journal of Palaeolimnology 1: 9-21. Owen, R.B., Barthelmew, J.W. Renaut, R.W. and Vincens, A. 1982. Paleomlimnology and archeology of Holocene deposits northeast of Lake Trakana, Kenya. Nature 198:523-529. Perkins, Sid. 2002. Once upon a lake, the life, times, and demise of the world's largest lake. Science News 162: 283-284. Avialable online at http://www.sciencenews.org/ viewed Nov. 19, 2002. Pielou, E.C. 1991. After the Ice Age, The return of life to Glaciated North America. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago. 366 p. Quade, J. 1986. Late Quaternary environmental changes in the upper Las Vegas Valley, Nevada. Quaternary Research 26:340-357. Smith, G.I. and F.A. Street-Perrott. 1983. Pluvial lakes of the western United States. pp. 190-212 IN: Porter, S.C. and Wright, H.E. (Eds.) Late Quaternary Environments of the United States. Univ. Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. Snyder, C. T. and W. B. Langbein. 1962. The Pleistocene Lake in Spring Valley, Nevada, and its Climatic Implications. Journal of Geophysical Research 67(6): 2385-2394. Stine, S. 1990. Late Holocene fluctuations of Mono Lake, eastern California Palaeo. Palaeo. Palaeo. 78: 333-381. Street, F.A. and Grove, A.T. 1979. Global maps of lake-level fluctuations since 30,000 yr B..P. Quaternary Research 12:83-118. Thompson, R.S., Benson, L., and Hattori, E.M. 1986. A revised chronology for the last Pleistocene lake cycle in the central Lahontan Basin. Quaternary Research 25:1-9. Waters, Michael Richard. 1980. MS. Lake Cahuilla: Late Quaternary lacustrine history of the Salton Trough, California. 74p. Bull, William B.. Geology, Stratigraphic Waters, M.R. 1989. Late Quaternary lacustrine history and paleoclimatic significance of Pluvial Lake Cochise, southeastern Arizona. Quaternary Research 32: 1-11. |
PLEISTOCENE FLOODSASSIGNED READING O'Connor, J.E.and Benito, G. 2003. Number and size of last-glacial Missoula floods in the Columbia River valley between the Pasco Basin, Washington, and Portland, Oregon. GSA Bulletin 115: 624–638. see: Parfit, Michael. 1995. Floods that carved the West. Smithsonian Magazine 1995: (2) 48-61. OTHER REFERENCES Baker, V.R. and Nummendal, D. 1978. The channeled scabland. NASA Planetary Geol. Program Publ. Baker, V.R. Benito, G. and Rudoy, A.N. 1993. Paleohydrology of Late Pleistocene superflooding Altay Mountains, Siberia. Science 259:348-350. Bretz, J.H. 1923. The channeled scabland of the Columbia Plateau. Jour. Geology 31:617-649 Kehew E.W. and Clayton, L. 1983. pp. 187-209 IN: J.T. Teller and L. Clayton Eds Glaical Lake Agassiz. Geol. Soc. Canada Special Pap. 26. Leverington, D.W., Mann, J. D., Teller, J. T. 2000. Changes in the bathymetry and volume of Glacial Lake Agassiz between 11,000 and 9300 14C yr B.P. Quaternary Research. 54: 174-181. Malde, M.E. 1968. The catastropic late Pleistocene Bonneville flood in the Snake River Plain, Idaho. U.S.G.S Prof. Paper 596, 52 p. O'Connor, J.E. 1993. Hydrology, Hydraulics and Geomorphology of th Bonneville Flood. GSA Special Paper 274. 83 p. |
QUATERNARY FAUNASASSIGNED READINGS Martin, P.S. 1973. The discovery of America. Science 179:969-974. Alroy, J. 2001. A multispecies overkill simulation of the end-pleistocene megafaunal mass extinction. Science 292: 1893-1896. Viewed online at http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/pdfs/2001-Science-292-1893.pdf Accessed 7/04. Woodburne, M.O. and Swisher, C. C. III. 1995. Land mammal high-resolution geochronology, interconteinental overland dispersals, sea level, climate, and vicariance. SEPM Spec. Publ. 54: 336-363. Pleistocene/Holocene Plant extinctions. Jackson, S.T. and Weng, C. 1999. Late Quaternary extinction of a tree species in eastern North America PNAS 96: 13847-13852. Viewed online at http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/96/24/13847 Accessed 7/04. OTHER REFERENCES Brackenridge, G.R. 1981. Terrestrial paleoenvironmental effects of a late Quaternary - Age supernova. Icarus 46: 81-93. Bruner, E., Manzi, G., Arsuaga, J.L. 2003. Encephalization and allometric trajectories in the genus Homo: Evidence from the Neandertal and modern lineages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100:15335-15340. Haynes, C.V., Jr. 1987. Clovis origin update. The Kiva 52: 83-93. Haynes, C.V., Jr. 1991. Geoarchaeological and paleohydrological evidence for a Clovis-age drought in North America and its bearing on extinction. Quaternary Research 35:438-450. Holdaway, R.N. and Jacomb, C. 2000. Rapid extinction of the moas (Aves: Dinornithiformes): Model, eest, and implications. Science 287: 2250-2254. Jernvall, J. Hunter, J.P. and Fortelius, M. 1996. Molar tooth diversity, disparity, and ecology in Cenozoic Ungulate Radiations. Science 274:1489-1492. Lindsay, E.H. 1974. Cenozoic vertebrate localities and faunas in Arizona. J. Arizona Acad. Sci. 9:3-24. Lindsay, E.H. 1978. Late Cenozoic vertebrate faunas, southeastern Arizona. New Mexico Geol. Soc. Guidebook, 29th Field Confer. Lindsay, E.H. 1984. Late Cenozoic mammals from northwestern Mexico. J. Vert. Paleontol. 4:208-215. Lundelius, E.L., Jr. (8 others). 1987. The North American Quaternary Sequence. pp. 211-235 IN: Woodburne, M.O. (Ed.) Cenozoic mammals of North America Geochronology and Biostratigraphy. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley. McDonald, J.M. 1984. The reordered North American selection regime and Late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions. Pp. 404-439 IN: Martin, P.S. & Klein, R.G. Quaternary Extinctions a prehistoric revolution. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson. MacPhee, R.D.E. & Marx, P.A. 1997. The 40,000 year plague; humans, hyperdisease and first contact extinctions. p. 169-217. In S.M. Goodman & B.D. Patterson (eds.) Natural Change and Human Impact in Madagascar: Washington D.C., Smithsonian Institution Press. Markgraf, V. 1985. Late Pleistocene faunal extinctions in souther Patagonia. Science 228:1110-1112. Martin, P.S. 1966. Africa and Pleistocene overkill. Nature 212:339-342. Martin, P.S. 1967. Prehistoric overkill. in Martin and Wright, Yale Univ. Press. Martin, P.S. 1967. Pleistocene overkill. Natural History 76:32-38. Martin, P.S. 1973. The discovery of America. Science 179:969-974. Martin, P.S. 1984. Catastrophic extinctions and late Pleistocene Blitzkrieg: Two radiocarbon tests. pp. 153-189 IN: Nitecki, M.H. Extinctions. Univ. Chicago Press. Martin, P.S. 1995. Mammoth extinction: two continents and Wrangel Island. Radiocarbon 37: 7-10. Martin, P.S. and Klein, R.G. 1984. Quaternary Extinctions a prehistoric revolution. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson. Martin, P.S. and Wright, H.E., Jr. 1967. Pleistocene extinctions, the search for a cause. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven. Miller, G.H., Magee, J.W., Johnson, B.J., Fogel, M., Spooner, N.A., McCulloch, M.T., Ayliffe, L.K., 1999: Pleistocene extinction of Genyornis newtoni: human impact on Australian megafauna. Science, v.283: 205-208. Semaw, S. Renne, P. 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Ph.D. dissertation, University of Arizona, 347 p. Xiao, J.L., Porter, S.C., An, Z.S., Kumai, H., and Yoshikawa, S. 1995. Grain size of quartz as an indicator of winter monsoon strength on the Loess Plateau of central hina during the last 130,000 yr. Quaternary Research 43: 22-29. revision of the GRIP core age model (Sushma Prasad 9/03) 1. Bjorck, S., Walker, M. J. C., Cwynar, L. C., Johnsen, S., Knudsen, K. L., Lowe, J. J. and Wohlfarth, B. 1998. An event stratigraphy for the Last Termination in the north Atlantic region based on the Greenland ice-core record: a proposal by the INTIMATE group. Journal of Quaternary Science 13: 283-292. 2. Lowe, J. J., Hoek, W. Z. and INTIMATE Group. 2001. Inter-regional correlation of palaeoclimatic records for the Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition: a protocol for improved precision recommended by the INTIMATE project group. Quaternary Science Reviews 20: 1175-1187. 3. Johnsen S. J., Dahl-Jensen, D., Gundestrup, N., Steffensen, J. P., Clausen, H. 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DATING OF LATE-QUATERNARY DEPOSITSPAGES: Past Global Changes Newsletter. Articles on annual resolution techniques. Varves p.1-4 (v.11), Corals p.9-13(v.), Tree Rings p.15-17 (v. ), Speleothems p. 19-20 (v.12), Ice Cores p.21-26(v.12). Reading PAGES Newsletter Home Page Annual Dating Methods Varve References
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Lakes and Varves Guidebook, Zurich, p.28-38.* Sturm, M. and Matter, A. 1978, Turbidites and varves in Lake Brienz (Switzerland): deposition of clastic detritus by density currents. in Matter, A. and Tucker, M.E. (eds) Modern and Ancient Lake Sediments. Int. Assoc. Sediment. Spec. Pub. 2:147-168.* Takahashi. Limnology & Oceanography 13:272-293, Tolonen, K. 1980 Comparison between radiocarbon and varve dating in L. Lampellonjarvi, S. Finland. Boreas 9:11-19. Thorton, S.E. 1986. Origin of mass flow sedimentary structures in hemipelagic basin deposits: Santa Barbara Basin, California Borderland. Geological-Marine letters 6:15-19. Wait, RB, Jr. 1984. Periodic J”kulhlaups from Pleistocene Glacial Lake Missoula - New Evidence from varved sediment in Northern Idaho and Washington. Quaternary Research 22:46-58 Wilson, M.V. 1977 Paleoecology of Eocene lacustrine varves at Horsefly, B.C. Can. Jour. Earth Sci. 14:953-962. Weedon, G.P., 1986. 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Hammer, CU, Clausen HB, and Dansgaard W. 1980. Greenland ice sheet evidence of post-glacial volcanism and its climatic impact. Nature 288:230-235. Kyle, Palais, Delmas. 1982. Ann. Glaciol. 3:172-77 Neftel A, Oeschger H, Schwander J, Staufer B, Zumbrunn R. 1982. Ice core measurements give atmospheric CO2 content during the past 40,000 yr. Nature 295:202 Risbo T, Clausen HB, Rasmussen KL. 1981 Supernova and nitrate in the Greenland Ice Core. Nature. 294:637-639. Thompson LG, Mosley-Thompson E, Dansgaard, W Grootes PM. 1986. The little ice age as recorded in the stratigraphy of the tropical Quelccaya ice cap. Science 234:361-364 Thompson LG, Mosley-Thompson E, Davis ME, Bolzan JF, Dai J, Gundestrup N, Yao T, Wu X, Klein L, and Xie Z. 1989. Holocene - late Pleistocene climatic ice core records from Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Science 246:474- 476. Thompson, L.G., E. Mosley-Thompson, M.E. Davis, P-N., Lin, K.A. Henderson, J. Cole-Dai, J.F. Bolzan and K-B. Liu., 1995. Late Glacial Stage and Holocene tropical ice core records from Huascarán, Peru. Science, 269, 46-50. Coral References
Cole, J. and Fairbanks, R.G. 1990. The southern Oscillation recorded in the ë 18O of corals from Tarawa Atoll, Paleoceanography, 5:669-683. Dunbar, R.B. Wellington, G.M., Colgan, M.W., and Glynn, P.W., 1994, Eastern Pacific Sea Surface Temperature since 1600 A.D.: The d18O Record of Climate Variability in Galapagos Corals, Paleoceanography, 9:291-315. Isdale, P. 1984. Fluorescent bands in massive corals record centuries of costal rainfall. Nature 310:578-579. Lough, J.M. and Barnes, D.J. 1990. Intra-annual timing of density band formation of Porites coral from the central Great Barrier Reef. J. Experimental Marine Biology Ecology 135:35-75. Lough, J.M. and Barnes, D.J. 1990. Possible relationships between environmental variables and skeleton density in coral colony from the central Great Barrier Reef. J. Experimental Marine Biology Ecology. Quinn, T.M., Taylor, F.W., and Crowley, T.J, 1993. A 173 Year Stable Isotope Record from a Tropical South Pacific Coral. Quaternary Science Reviews, vol. 12, pp 407-418. Shen, G.T., J.E. Cole, D.W. Lea, L.J. Linn, T.A. McConnaughey, and R.G.Fairbanks, 1992. Surface ocean variability at Galapagos from 1936-1982: Calibration of geochemical tracers in corals. Paleoceanography, 7:563-588. Shen, G.T., Linn, T.A., Campbell, J.E., Cole, D.W. and Fairbanks, R.G. 1992. A chemical indicator of trade wind reversal in corals from the western tropical Pacific. J. Geophysical Res. 92: 12689-12698. |
DENDROCHRONOLOGYASSIGNED READING R.S. Bradley. 1999. Paleoclimatology: reconstructing climates of the Quaternary (2nd Ed.) Academic Press. Chapter 10 OTHER REFERENCES Bard, E., Hamelin, B., Fairbanks, R.G., and Zindler, A. 1990. Calibration of the 14C timescale over the past 30,000 years using mass spectrometric U-Th ages from Barbados corals. Nature 345:405-410 Beer, J., Siegenthaler, U., Bonani, G., Finkel, R.C., Oeschger, H., Suter, M., and Wolfli, W. 1988. Information on past solar activity and geomagnetism from 10Be in the Camp Century ice core. Nature 331: 675-679. Betancourt, J.L., Dean, J.S., and Hull, H.M. 1986. Prehistoric long-distance transport of construction beams, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. American Antiquity 51:370-375. Cohen and Lintz 1974. Long term variability in the sunspot cycle. Nature 240:398-400. Damon, P.E. and T.W. Linick. 1986. Geomagnetic-Heliomagnetic modulation of atmospheric radiocarbon production. Radiocarbon 28:266-278. Landscheidt, T. 1987. Long-Range forcasts of solar cycles and climate change. pp. 421-445 in Rampino, M.R., Sanders, J.E., Newman, W.S. and Konigsson, L.K. Climate History, Periodicity, and Predictability. Van Nostram Reinhold,NY Merrill, R.T. and McElhinny, M.W. 1983. The Earth's magnetic field, its history, origin, and planetary perspective: Academic Press, London, 401 p. Radick, Lockwood, Balliunas. Stellar Activity and Brightness. Science 247:39-44. Stiegenthaler et al. 1980. 14C variations caused by changes in the global carbon cycle. Radiocarbon 22:177-191. Stokes, M.A. and Smiley, T.L. 1968. An introduction to tree-ring dating. U of A Press. Stuiver, M., and Kra, R.S. 1986. Proceedings of the twelfth international radiocarbon conference - Trondheim, Norway. Radiocarbon 28(2B). Stuiver and Quay, 1980. "C14 and a variable sun." Science 207:11-19. Swetnam, T. W. 1993. Fire history and climate change in giant sequoia groves. Science 262: 885-889. Swetnam, T.W. and Betancourt, J.L. 1990. Fire-southern Oscillation relations in Southwestern United States. Science 249:1017-1019. |
DATING TECHNIQUESASSIGNED READING R.S. Bradley. 1999. Paleoclimatology: reconstructing climates of the Quaternary (2nd Ed.) Academic Press. Chapter 3.1-2, 4.2-3 OTHER REFERENCES Bard, E., B. Hamelin, R.G.Fairbanks, and A.Zindler, 1990. Calibration of the 14C timescale over the past 30,000 years using mass spectrometric U-Th ages from Barbados corals. Nature 345, 405-409. Beck, J.W., Richards, DA, Edwards, RL, Silverman, BW, Smart, PL, Donahue, DJ, Hererra-Osterheld, S., Burr, GS, Calsoyas, L., Jull, AJT, Biddulph, 2001. Extremely large variations of atmospheric 14C concentration during the last glacial period. Nature 292: 2453-2457. Berger, R., Taylor, R.E., and Libby, W.F. 1967. Radiocarbon content of mairne shells from the California and Mexican west coast. Science 158: 864-866. Bischoff, J.L., N.Soler, J.Maroto and R.E.Julia, 1989. Abrupt Mousterian/Aurignacian Boundary at c.40 ka bp: Accelerator 14C dates from LArbreda Cave (Catalunya, Spain). Journal of Archeological Science 16, 563-576. Brennan, R. and Quade, J., 1996. Fossil snails in the southern Great Basin: Evidence for reliable land snail ages and constraints on the 14C content of paleogroundwaters. Quaternary Research. Burchuladze, A.A. Chudy, Eristavi, Pagva, Povinec, Sivo, and Togonidze. Anthropogenic 14C variations in atmospheric CO2 and wines. Radiocarbon 31:771-776. Dom, R.I., A.J.T. Jull, D.J. Donahue, T.W.Linick, and L.J.Toolin, 1989. Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating of rock varnish. Geological Society of America Bulletin 101, 1363-1372. Faure, G., 1986. Chapter 22: Cosmogenic carbon-14 and tritium, pp.386-404 in: Principles of isotope geology 2nd edition. John Wiley and Sons: New York: 589 pp. Gillespie, R. and Pollach, H.A., 1979, The Suitability of marine shells for radiocarbon dating of Australian prehistory. In Berger, R. and Suess, H., eds.) Radiocarbon Dating, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference, Los Angeles, Univ. Calif Press, p.404-421. Fairbanks, R.G., Mortlock, R.A., Chiu, T.-C., Cao, L., Kaplan, A., Guilderson, T.P., Fairbanks, T.W., Bloom, A.L., Grootes, P.M., Nadeau,M.-J., 2005. Radiocarbon calibration curve spanning 0 to 50,000 years BP based on paired 230Th/234U/238U and 14C dates on pristine corals Quaternary Science Reviews 24: 1781-1796. Gillespie, R. et al., 1992. AMS dating of alluvial sediments on the southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. Radiocarbon 34, 29-36 Gillespie, R. et al., 1991. AMS radiocarbon dating in the study of and environments: examples from Lake Eyre, South Australia. Palaeogr. Palaleocl. Palaeoec. 84, 333-338. Goodfriend, G.A. and J.J.Stipp, 1983. Limestone and the problem of radiocarbon dating of land-snail shell carbonate. Geology 11, 575-577. Goss-Levi, B, 1990. Uranium-thorium dating sets the clock back on carbon-14 ages. Physics Today, p. 20-21. Harrison, K. G., W,S.Broecker, and G.Bonani, 1993. The effect of changing land use on soil radiocarbon. Science 262, 725-726. Levin, I, Schuchard, J., Kromer, B., and , Münnich, K.O. 1989. The Continental European Suess Effect. Radiocarbon 31 (3): 431-441. Libby, W.F. 1955. Radiocarbon dating. Univ. Chicago Press. Long, A., O.K. Davis, and J.DeLanois, 1992. Separation and 14C dating of pure pollen from lake sediments: nanofossil AMS dating. Radiocarbon 34(3), 557-560. Riggs, A.C., 1984. Major carbon-14 deficiency in modem snail; shells from Southern Nevada Springs, Science, 224: 58-6 1. Rooseveldt, A. C. et al., 1996. Paleoindian cave dwellers in the Amazon: the peopling of the Americas. Science 272, 373-384. Shackleton, N.J., Duplessy, J.-C, Arnold, M., Maurice, P., Hall, M.A., and Cartlidge, J. 1988. Radiocarbon age of last glacial Pacific deep water. Nature 335:708-711. Sharp, W.D., Ludwig, K.R., Chadwick, O.A., Amundson, R., and Glaser, L.L. 2003. Dating flucial terraces by 230Th/U on pedogenic carbonate, Wind River Basin, Wyoming. Quaternary Research 59: 139-150. Stafford, T.W.Jr., K.Brendel, and R.Duhamel, 1988. Radiocarbon, 13C and 15N analysis of fossil bone: removal of humates with XAD-2 resin. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 52, 2257-2267. Stuiver, M. et al., 1993. Radiocarbon: Calibration 1993, v.35, 244p. Stuiver, M. And Polach, H.A. 1977. Discussion: reporting of 14C data. Radiocarbon 19:355-363. Suess, H.E. 1955. Radiocarbon concentration in modern wood. Science 122: 415-417. Taylor, R.E. and Berger, R. 1967. Radiocarbon content of marine shells from the Pacific coasts of Central and South America. Science 158: 1180 - 1182 Trumbore, S. et al., 1996. Rapid exchange between soil carbon and atmospheric carbon dioxide driven by temperature change. Science 272, 393-396. Wang, Y. and Amundson, R., 1996. Radiocarbon dating of soil organic matter. Radiocarbon 45., 282-288. |
DATING METHODSASSIGNED READING R.S. Bradley. 1999. Paleoclimatology: reconstructing climates of the Quaternary (2nd Ed.) Academic Press. Chapter 4.2 Luminescence References
Aitken, M. J., 1985. Thermoluminescence Dating. Academic Press, New York, 359 p. Berger, G. W., 1988. Dating Quaternary events by luminescence, in Dating Quaternary Sediments (ed. D. J. Easterbrook) Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Paper 227, p. 13-50. Forman, S. L., Jackson, M. E., McCalpin, J., and Maat, P., 1988. The potential of using thermolumunescence to date buried soils developed on colluvial and fluvial sediments from Utah and Colorado, USA: preliminary results. Quat. Sci. Reviews 7, 287-293. Forman, S. L., 1989. Applications and limitations of thermoluminescence to date Quaternary sediments. Quat. International 1, 47-59. Ikeya, M. and K. Ohmura. 1984. Electron spin resonance age of Pleistocene shells measured by radiation assessment. Geochem J. Roberts, R., Jones, R., and Smith, M. A., 1990. TL dating of a 50,000 year old human occupation in northern Australia. Nature 345, 153-156. Stokes, S. and Gaylord, D. R., 1993. Optical dating of Holocene dune sands in the Ferris dune field, Wyoming. Quaternary Research 39, 274-281. Valladas, H., Geneste JM, Joron JL, Chadelle JP. 1986. TL dating of Le Moustier (Dordogne, France). Nature 322, 452-454. Valladas, H., Joron JL, Valladas G, Arsenberg B Bar-Yosuf O, Belfer-Cohen A, Goldberg P, Valille H, Miegnon L, Rak Y, Techernov E, Tiller AM, Vandermerch B. 1987. TL dates for the Neanderthal briar site at Kebara in Israel. Nature 330, 159-160. Valladas, H., 1992. TL dating of flint. Quat. Sci. Reviews 11, 1-5. Wintle, A. G. and Packman, S. C., 1988. TL ages for three sections in Hungary. Quat. Sci. Reviews 7, 315-320. Fission Track References
Naeser DW, and Naeser ND. 1988. Fission-track dating of Quaternary events. pp. 1-12 IN: Easterbrook, DJ. Dating Quaternary Sediments. Geological Society of America Special Paper 227. Amino Acid Dating References
Bada, J. L. et al, 1984. Accelerator mas spectrometry radiocarbon ages of amino acid extracts from California palaeoindian skeletons. Nature 312, 442-444. Bada, J. L. et al, 1989. Amino acid racemization in bone and the boiling of the German Emperor Lothar 1. Applied Geochemistry 4, 325-327. Brooks, A.S., Hare, P.E., Kokis, J.E., Miller, G.H., Ernst, R.D., Wendorf, F. 1990. Dating Pleistocene archeological sites by protein diagenesis in ostrich eggshell. Science 248:60-64. Clark, P.U. et al. 1989. Quaternary aminostratigraphy of Mississippi Valley loess. GSA Bull. 101: 918-926. Dethier, D. P. and McCoy, W. D., 1993. Aminostratigraphic relations and age of Quaternary deposits, northern Espafiola Basin, New Mexico. Quaternary Research 39: 222-230. Goodfriend, G. A., 1987. Chronostratigraphic studies of sediments in the Negev Desert, using Amino Acid epimerization analysis of land snail shells. Quaternary Research 28: 374-392. Hearty, P.J. Kaufman, D. S. 2000. Whole-rock aminostratigraphy and Quaternary sea-level history of the Bahamas. Quaternary Research 28: 163-173. McCoy, W. D. , 1987. Quaternary Aminostratigrphy of the Bonneville Basin, western U.S. GeoL Soc. Am. Bull. 98: 99-112. McCoy, W.D. 1982. Isoleucine epimerization in fossil gastropods shells and the late Quaternary paleoclimates of the northern Bonneville Basin. AMQUA Abstr. p.135. Miller, G. H., and Hare, P. E., 1980. Amino acid geochronology: integrity of the carbonate matrix and potential of molluscan fossils. In: Biochemistry of Amino acids (Ed. P.E. Hare), Wiley, New York, 415-451. Rutter, N.W. et al., 1985. Dating methods of Pleistocene deposits: IV. Amino acid racemization dating. In: Dating methods of Pleist. deposits and other problems (Ed.N.W. Rutter) Geos.Canada, Rep Ser 2, 23-30.
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Cerling, T. E. and Craig, H., 1994. Goomorphology and insitu cosmogenic isotopes. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sceince Letters 22, 273-317. Cerling, T.E., 1990. Dating geomorphic Surfaces using cosmogenic 3He. Quaternary Research 33, 148-156. Gosse, J. C., 1995. 1OBe dating of the duration and retreat of the last Pinedale Glacial Sequence. Science 268, 1329-1333. Gosse, J.C., and Phillips, F.M., 2001. Terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides: theory and application. Quaternary Science Reviews 20, pp. 1475-1560. Lal, D, 1992. Cosmic ray labeling of erosion surfaces: in situ nuclide production rates and erosion models. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 104, 424-439. Laughlin, A. J. et al., 1994. Dating of Quaternary basalts using the cosmogenic 3He and 14C methods with implications for excess 4OAr. Geology 22, 135-138. Oldfield, F. and Appleby, P.G. 1984. Emperical testing of 210Pb dating models for lake sediments. In Lake sediments and environmental history (E.Y. Haworth and J.W.C. Lund eds.) p. 92-124. Univ. Minnesota Press. Poreda, R. J. and Cerling, T. E., 1992. Cosmogenic neon in recent lavas from the western U. S. Geophysical Research Letters 19, 1863-1866. Ritchie, J.C. and J.R. McHenry. 1990. Application of radioactive fallout 137Cs for measuring soil erosion and sediment accumulation rates and pattersn: a review. J. Environ. Quality. 19:215-233. Zreda, M. G. et al., 1991. Cosmogenic 36CI production rates in terrestrial rocks. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 105, 94-109. Zreda, M. G., 1993. Cosmogenic 36CI dating of a young basaltic eruption complex, Lathrop Wells, Nevada. Geology 21, 57-60. Uranium Series References
Bischoff, J. L., Julia, R., and Mora, R., 1988. Uranium dating of the Mousterian occupation at Abric Romani, Spain. Nature 332, 68-70. Bischoff, J.L.. et al., 1988. A test of uranium-series dating of fossil tooth enamel: results from Tournai Cave, France. Applied Geochemistry 3, 145-15 1. Edwards, R. L. Chen JH, Lu TL, Wasserberg GJ. 1987. Precise timing of the last interglacial period from mass spectrometric determination of 23OTh in Corals. Science 236, 1547-1553. Faure, G., 1986, Principles of Isotope Geology. John Wiley and Sons, Chapter 21, p. 363-381. Gallup, C. R., Edwards, G. L., Johnson, R, G, 1994, The timing of high sea-levels over the past 200,000 years. Science 263, 796-800. Ku, The-Lung, Bull, W. B., Freeman, S. T., and Knauss, K. G., 1979. 23OTh-234U dating of pedogenic carbonates in gravelly desert soils of the Vidal Valley, southeastern California. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 90, 1063-1073. Lao, Y. and Benson, L., 1988. Uranium-Series age estimates and paleoclimatic significance of Pleistocene tufas from the Lahontan Basin, California and Nevada. Quaternary Research 30, 165-176. Ludwig, K. R. et al., 1992, Mass-Spectrometric 23OTh-234U-238U dating of the Devil's Hole calcite vein. Science 258, 284-287. Luo, S. and Ku, The-Lung, 1991. U-series dating: a generalized method employing total sample dissolution. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 55, 555-563. Paces, J. B. et al., 1994. Preliminary U-series disequilibrium and TL ages of surficial deposits and paleosols associated with Quaternary faults, eastern Yucca Mountain. American Nuclear Society High-level Radioactive Waste Management Proceedings (Fifth Conference), p. 2391-2401. Paces, J. et al., 1993. Late Quaternary history and uranium isotopic compositions of ground-water discharge deposits, Crater Flat, Nevada. American Nuclear Society High-level Radioactive Waste Management Proceedings (fourth Conference), Slate, J. L. et al., 1991. Soil-genesis in the Pinacate volcanic field, northwestern Sonora, Mexico. Quaternary Research 35: 400-416. Stuckless, J. S. et al., 1991. U and Sr isotopes in ground-water and calcite, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Evidence against upwelling water. Science 254: 551-554. Winograd, 1. J. et al., 1992. Continuous 500,000-year record from vein calcite in Devil's Hole, Nevada. Science 258: 255-260. |
PALEOMAGNETIC TIME SCALEASSIGNED READING Eighmy, J.L., R.S. Sternberg, and R.F. Butler. 1980. Archaeomagnetic dating in the American Southwest. American Antiq. 45:507-517. and see: R.S. Bradley. 1999. Paleoclimatology: reconstructing climates of the Quaternary (2nd Ed.) Academic Press. Chapter 4.1 OTHER REFERENCES Bercovici, D., Schubert, G., Glatzmaier, G.A. 1989. Three-dimensional spherical models of convection in the Earth's mantle. Science 244:950-955. Brandsma, D. Lund, S.P., and Henyey, T.L. 1989. Paleomagnetism of late Quaternary marine sediments from Santa Catalina Basin, California continental borderland. J. Geophys. Res. (B1) 94:547-564. Butler, R. F. 1992. Paleomagnetism: magnetic domains to geologic terrines. Blackwell Scientific Cambridge. Courtillot, V. and Besse, J. 1987. Magnetic field reversals, polar wander, and core-mantle coupling. Science 237:1140-1147. Damon, P.E. and Linick, T.W. 1986. Geomagnetic-heliomagnetic modulation of atmospheric radiocarbon production. Radiocarbon 23:266-278. Dalrymple, G.B. 1972. Potassium argon dating of geomagnetic reversals and North American glaciations. pp. 107-184 in Bishop and Miller (eds) Calibration of Hominoid Evolution. Scottish Academic Press Eighmy, J.L., and R.S. Sternberg. 1990. Archeomagnetic dating. University of Arizona Press. 435 p. Eighmy, J.L. 1980. Archeomagnetism: a handbook for the archaeologist. Cultural Resource Management Studies. Interagency Archeological Services Division. Office of Archeological Historic Preservation, U.S. Dept. Interior. Hide, R and Dickey, J.O. 1991. Earth's variable rotation. Science 253:629-636. {SO-QBO} Lund, S.P. and S.K. Banergee. 1979. Paleosecular variation from lake sediments. Rev. Geophys. & Space Phys. 17:244-249. Morner, N.-A. 1977. The Gothenburg magnetic excursion. Quat. Res. 7:413-427. McGuire, R.L., R.S. Sternberg, and R.F. Butler. 1980. Exchange of archaeomagnetic information between the archeologist and geophysicists. 45th Annual Meeting Society American Archaeology. Rodgers, J.B. 1978. Archeomagnetic sampling: a procedural primer. Center Anthropological Studies, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Stothers, R.B. 1986. Periodicity of the Earth's magnetic reversals. Nature (London) 322:444-446. Sternberg, R.S. 1982. Archaeomagnetic secular variation of direction and paleointensity in the American Southwest. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Arizona. Tarling, D.H. 1971. Principles and applications of paleomagnetism. Chapman and Hall, London. Tyson, S.R. and Verosub, K.L. 1994. Thermoviscous remanenet magnetism of Columbia River basalt blocks in the Cascade landslike. Geophysical Research Letters 21: 2661-2664. Verosub, K.L., Mehringer, P.J., Jr., and Waterstraat, P. 1986. Holocene secular variation in western North America: paleomagnetic record from Fish Lake, Harney County, Oregon. J. Geophys Res. 91:3609-3623. Watkins, N.D. 1972. Review of the development of the geomagnetic polarity time scale and discussion of prospects for its finer definition. Bull. GSA 83:551-574. Wollen et al., 1978. Paleoclimate, paleomagnetism, and the eccentricity of the earth's orbit. Geophys. Res. Let. 4:267-270. Windes, T. 1978. Archaeomagnetic sampling field procedures and equipment. National Park Service, Division Chaco Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico. |
LICHENOMETRYASSIGNED READING R.S. Bradley. 1999. Paleoclimatology: reconstructing climates of the Quaternary (2nd Ed.) Academic Press. Chapter 4.3 OTHER REFERENCES Armstrong, R.A. 1983. Growth curve of the lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum. New Phytologist 94:619-622. Benedict, J.B. 1988. Techniques in lichenometry: identifying the yellow rhizocarpons. Arctic and Alpine Research 20:285-291. Beschel, R.E. 1957. A project to use lichens as indicators of climate and time. Arctic 10:60. Beschel, R.E. 1961. Dating rock surfaces by lichen growth ant its application to glaciology and physiography (lichenometry). pp.1044-1062 IN Geology of the Arctic (G.O. Raasch ed.) Univ. Toronto Press. Burrows, C.J. and Lucas, J. 1967. Variations in two New Zealand glaciers during the past 800 years. Nature 216:467-468. Calkin, P.E. and J.M. Ellis. 1980. A lichenometric dating curve and its application to Holocene glacier studies in the central Brooks Range, Alaska. Arctic Alpine Res. 12:245-264. Calkin, P.E. and J.M. Ellis. 1981. A cirque-glacier chronology based on emergent lichesn and mosses. J. Glaciology. 27:511-515. Carrara, P.E. and Andrews, J.T. 1973. Problems and application of lichenometry to geomorphic studies, San Juan Mountains, Colorado. Arctic Alpine Res. 5:373-384. Innes, J.L. 1985. Lichenometry. Progress in Physical Geography 9:187-254. Spence, J.R. and Maheney, W.C. 1988. Growth and ecology of Rhizocarpon section Rhizocarpon on Mount Kenya, east Africa. Arctic Alpine Res. 20:237-242. |
DESERT VARNISHASSIGNED READING Dorn, R.I. 1987. Causes and implications of rock varnish microchemical laminations. Nature 310:767-770. see: R.S. Bradley. 1999. Paleoclimatology: reconstructing climates of the Quaternary (2nd Ed.) Academic Press. Chapter 4.2 OTHER REFERENCES Bierman, P.R., and Gillespie, A.R., 1994. Evidence suggesting that methods of rock-varnish cation-ratio dating are neither comparable nor consistently reliable. Quaternary Research: v. 41, p. 82-90. Bierman, P., Gillespie, A., Harrington, C., Raymond, R., Reneau, S., McFadden, L., Sells, S. 1992. Throwing Rocks. American Scientist. 80:110-112. Clayton, J.A., Verosub, K.L. and Harrington, C.D. 1990. Magnetic techniques applied to the study of rock varnish. Geophysical Research Letters 17: 787-790. Dorn, R.I. 1984. Cause and implications of rock varnish microchemical laminations. Nature 310:767-770. Dorn, R.I. and Dickinson, W.R. 1989. First paleoenvironmental interpretation of a pre-Quaternary rock-varnish site, Davidson Canyon, Southern Arizona. Geology 17:1029-1031. Dorn, R.I. Bamforth, DB, Cahill TA, Dohrenwend JC, Terber BD, Donahue DJ, Jull ATJ, Long A, Macko ME, Weil EB, Whitley DS, Zabel TH. 1986. Cation-ratio and accelerator radiocarbon dating of rock varnish on Mojave artifacts and landform. Science 231: 830-833. Dorn, R.I. 1987. Causes and implications of rock varnish microchemical laminations. Nature 310:767-770. Dorn, R.I. et al. 1989. Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating of rock varnish. GSA Bulletin 101:1363-1372. Dorn, R.I., and M.J. DeNiro. 1985. Stable carbon isotope ratios of rock varnish organic matter: a new paleoenvironmental indicator. Science 227:1472-1474. Dorn, R.I. and T.M. Oberlander. 1982. Rock Varnish. Progress in Physical Geography. 6:317-367. Hooke, R., H. Yang, and P.W. Weiblen. 1969. Desert varnish: an electron microprobe study. J. Geol. 77:275-288. Reneau, S.L. and Raymond, R. Jr., 1991. Cation-ratio dating of rock varnish: why does it work. Geology 19:937-940. Wickman, Frans E. 1952. Variations in the relative aboundance of carbon isotopes in plants Geochemica et Cosmochemica Acta 2: 243-254. |
VOLCANIC TEPHRA STUDIESASSIGNED READING USGS 2003. Volcanic History of the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field. Viewed online at http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/yvo/history.html Last modified March 7, 2003. also see: R.S. Bradley. 1999. Paleoclimatology: reconstructing climates of the Quaternary (2nd Ed.) Academic Press. Chapter 4.2 OTHER REFERENCES Buillie, M.G.L. and Munro. M.F.R. 1988. Irish tree rings, Santorini, and Volcanic dust veils. Nature 332:344-346. Bradley, R.S. 1988. The explosive volcanic eruption signal in Northern Hemisphere continental temperature records. Clim. Change 12:221 Bryson, R.A. and Goodman, B.M. 1980. Volcanic activity and climatic changes. Science 207:1041-1044. Gow, A.J. and Williamson, T. 1971. Volcanic ash in the Antarctic ice sheet and its possible climatic implications. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 13:210-218 Hajdas, I., Ivy, S.D., Beer, J., Bonani, G., Imboden, D., Lotter, A.F., Sturm, M. and Suter, M. 1993. AMS radiocarbon dating and varve chronology of lake Soppensee: 6000 to 12,000 14C years BP. Climate Dynamics 9:107-116. LST and varved seds Ave age 11,230±40 Hammer, C.U., Clausen, H.B. and Dansgaard., W. 1980. Greenland ice sheet evidence of post-glacial volcanism and its climatic impact. Nature (London) 288:230-235. Keenan, D.J. 2004. Volcanic ash retrieved from the GRIP ice core is not from Thera Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems Research Letter 4(11): 8p. http://www.informath.org/G%5e303a.pdf LaMarche, V.C. and Hirschboeck, .K.K. 1984. Frost rings in trees as records of major volcanic eruptions. Nature (London) 307:121-126. Lynn, M., Paladio-Melosantos, L.O., Solidum, R.U., Scott, W.E., Quiambao, R.B. Umbal, J.V., Rodolfo, K.S., Tubianosa, B.S., Delos Reyes, P.J., Alonso, R.A. and Ruelo, H.B. 1992. Tephra Falls of the 1991 Eruptions of Mount Pinatubo. Viewed online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/pinatubo/paladio/. Last updated June 11, 1999. Mass, C.F. and Portman, D.A. 1989. Major volcanic eruptions and climate: A critical evaluation. J. Clim. 2:566. Onken, J. 1991. The effect of microenvironmental temperature variation on the hydration of late Holocene Mono Craters Volcanic ashes from East-Central California. MS Thesis, Univ. Arizona, 12 pp, 7 fig. Oviatt, C.G. and Nash, W.P. 1989. Late Pleistocene basaltic ash and volcanic eruptions in the Bonneville basin, Utah. GSA Bull. 101 292-303. Petit, J, M. Brain and Royer, A. 1981. Ice age aerosol content from east Antarctic ice core samples and past wind strength. Nature (London) 293:391-394. Porter, S.C. 1986. Pattern and forcing of northern hemisphere glacier variations during the last millennium. Quat. Res. 26:27-48. Rampino, M.R., Self, S. and Fairbridge, R.W. 1979. Can rapid climatic change cause volcanic eruptions. Science 206:826-829. Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. et al. 1988. Tephrachronologic studies of sediment cores from Walker Lake, Nevada. USGS Open File Report 88-548. Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. and Davis, J.O. 1991. Quaternary tephrochronology pp. 93-116 In: Morrison RB (ed) Quaternary nonglacial geology: Conterminous U.S. GSA Geology of North America, Vol. K-2. Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., Meyer, C.E., Wan, E. and Soles, S. 1992. Age and Correlation of Tephra Layers in Owens Lake Drill Core OL-92-1 and -2. U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California. Viewed online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of93-683/5-chronology/2-tephro/tephro.html Thompson, R., Bradshaw, R.H.W., and Whitley, J.E. 1986. The distribution of ash in Iceland lake sediments and the relative importance of mixing and erosion processes. J. Quatern. Sci. 1:3-11. Wohlfarth B., Bjork, S., Possnert, G., Lemdahl, G., Brunnberg, L., Ising, J., Olsson, S. and Svensson, N. 1993. AMS dating of the Swedish varved clays of the last glacial/interglacial transition and the potential difficulties of calibrating late Weichselian /absolute/ chronologies. Boreas 22:113-128. Swedish time scale |
GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION READINGSASSIGNED READING Chen, Deliang. Global Atmospheric Circulation Chapter 6. Available online at http://www.gvc.gu.se/ngeo/deliang/14312_ch3.pdf Viewed 8/04. OTHER REFERENCES Haug, G.H., Hughen, K.A., Sigman, D.M., Peterson, L.C., Rohl, U. 2001. Southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone through the Holocene. Science 293: 1304-1308. Gray, S. T.,Graumlich, L. J., Betancourt, J. L., and Pederson, G. T. 2004. A tree-ring based reconstruction of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation since 1567 A.D. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L12205, 4 p. |
REGIONAL CLIMATEASSIGNED READING Edmonds, R.L., R.C. Francis, N.J. Mantua, and D.L. Peterson. 2003. Chapter 2. Sources of climate variability in river ecosystems. pp. 11-37 IN: R.C. Wissmar and P.A. Bisson, editors. Strategies for restoring river ecosystems: sources of variability and uncertainty in natural and managed systems. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. Viewed online at http://www.atmos.washington.edu/~mantua/REPORTS/RivRest_Ch2_galley.pdf Accessed 7/04. R.S. Bradley. 1999. Paleoclimatology: reconstructing climates of the Quaternary (2nd Ed.) Academic Press. Chapter 2.2 OTHER REFERENCES Bachhuber, F.W. and W.A. McClellan. 1977. Paleoecology of marine foraminifera in the pluvial Estancia Valley, central New Mexico. Quat. Res. 7:254-267. Barnosky, C. W. 1984 Late Pleistocene and early Holocene environmental history of southwestern Washington State, U.S.A. Canadian J. Earth Science. 21:619-629. Barry, R.G, and Chorley, R.J. 1976. Atmosphere, Weather and Climate (fourth edition). Methuen, New York. Batchelder, G.L. 1970. Post-glacial fluctuations of lake level in Adobe valley, Mono County, California. First Meeting. AMQUA Abstr. p. 7 Bryson, R.A. 1985. On climate analogs and paleoclimate reconstructions. Quaternary Research 23: 275-286. Cayan, D.R. 1996. Interannual climatic variability and snowpack in the Western United States. Journal of Climate 9: 293-248. Clague, J.J. and Mathewes, R.W. 1989. Early Holocene thermal maximum in western North America: New evidence from Castle Peak, British Columbia. Geology 17:277-280. Clapperton, 1993. The nature of environmental changes in South America at the Last Glacial Maximum Paleo Paleo Paleo 101:189-208. CLIMAP Project Members. 1976. The surface of the ice-age Earth. Science 191: 1131-1138. [link] COHMAP Members 1988. Climate changes of the last 18,000 years: observations and model simulations. Science 271:1043-1052. [link] Davis, O.K. 1987. Regionalization of climatic change in western North America. NATO Advanced Research Workshop November 15-19, Oracle, Arizona. Davis, O.K., Agenbroad, L.D., Martin, P.S., and Mead, J.I. 1984. The Pleistocene dung blanket of Bechan Cave, Utah. IN: Genoways, H.H. and Dawson M.R. (Eds.) Contributions in Quaternary Vertebrate Paleontology: A volume in memorial of John E. Guilday., Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication 8:267-282. Davis, O.K., Sheppard, J.C., and Robertson, S. 1986. Contrasting climatic histories for the Snake River Plain resulting from multiple thermal maxima. Quaternary Research 26:321-339. Foley, J.A., Kutzbach, J.E., Coe M.T., and Levis. S. 1994. Feedbacks between climate and boreal forests during the Holocene epoch. Nature 371:52-54. Graham, N.E. 2004. Late-Holocene teleconnections between tropical Pacific climate variability and precipitation in the western USA: evidence from proxy records. Holocene 14: 486-477. Haynes, C.V. 1975. Pleistocene and recent stratigraphy pp. 57-290 IN: Wendorf F. and Hester, J.J. (Eds.) Late Pleistocene environments of the southern high plains. Fort Burgwin Research Center Publ. 9 Hebda, R.J. and Mathewes, R.W. 1984. Holocene history of cedar and native Indian cultures of the North American Pacific coast. Science 225: 711-712. Holliday, V.T. 1985. New data on the stratigraphy and pedology of the Clovis and Plainview sites, southern high plains. Quat. Res. 23:388-402. Houghton, Sakamoto, Gifford. 1975. Nevada's weather and climate. NBMG SP2. Imbrie, J., McIntyre, A., and Moore, T.C., Jr. 1983. The ocean around North America at the last glacial maximum. pp. 230 - 236 IN: Late Quaternary Environments of the United States, Vol. 1, S.C. Porter, editor. Leathers, D.J., Yarnal, B., and Palecki, M.A. 1991. The Pacific/North American teleconnection pattern and United States Climate. Part I: Regional temperature and precipitation patterns. Journal of Climate 4: 517-528. Leathers, D.J., Yarnal, B., and Palecki, M.A. 1992. The Pacific/North American teleconnection pattern and United States Climate. Part II: Temporal characteristics and index specification. Journal of Climate 5: 707-716. Licciardi, J.M. 2001. Viewed October, 2004. Chronology of latest Pleistocene lake-level fluctuations in the pluvial Lake Chewaucan basin, Oregon, USA. Journal Quaternary Science 16(6): 545–553. Viewed online at http://www.unh.edu/esci/licciardi_2001_jqs.pdf October, 2004. [+] Mantua, N.J., Hare, S.R., Zhang, Y., Wallace, J.M., and Francis, R.C. 1997. A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon production. Bulletin of the American mMeteorological Society 78: 1069-1079. Mark, B.G., Harrison, S.P., Spessa, A., New, M., Evans, D.J.A. and Helmens. K.F. 2005. Tropical snowline changes at the last glacial maximum: A global assessment Quaternary International 138-139: 168-201. Markgraf, V. et al. 1984. San Agustin Plains, New Mexico: Age and paleoenvironmental potential reassessed. Quaternary Research 22: 336-343. Mitchell, V.L. 1976. The regionalization of climate in the western United States. J. Applied Meteorology 15:920-927. Moy, C.M., Seltzer, G.O., Rodbell, D.T. and Anderson, D.M. 2002. Variability of El Niño/Southern Oscillation activity at millennial timescales during th Holocene epoch. Nature 420: 162-165. Ore, H.T. and Warren, C.N. 1971. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 81:2553- Oviatt, C.G. 1988. Late Pleistocene and Holocene lake fluctuations in the Sevier Lake Basin, Utah, USA. J. Palaeolimn 1:9-21. Pyke, C.B. 1972. Some meterological aspects of the seasonal distribution of precipitation in the western United States and Baja California. UCLA Univ. Calif. Water Res. Center Contrib. 139. Rind, D. and Peteet, D. 1985. Terrestrial conditions at the last glacial maximam and CLIMAP sea-surface temperature estimates: are they consistent? Quaternary Research. 24: 1-22. Sheppard, P.S., Comrie, A.C., Packin, G.D., Angersbach, K. and Hughes, M.K. 2002. The climate of the US Southwest. Climate Research 21: 219–238. Smith, G.I. and F.A. Street-Perrott. 1983. Pluvial lakes of the western United States. pp. 190-212. IN: Porter S.C. and Wright, H.E.(Eds.) Late Quaternary Environments of the United States. Univ. Minn. Press, Minneapolis. Spaulding, W.G. and Graumlich, L.J. 1986. The last pluvial climatic episodes in the deserts of the southwestern North America. Nature 320: 441-444. Street, F.A. and Grove. A.T. 1979. Global maps of lake-level fluctuations since 30,000 yr B..P. Quaternary Research 12:83-118. Stiute M, Forster, M, Frischkorn, H, Serejo, A, Clark JF, Scholsser P, Broecked, WS and Bonani, G. 1995. Cooling of tropical Brazil (5°C) during the last glacial maximum. Science 269: 379-383. Thompson, LG Mosley-Thompson E, Davis, ME, Lin, P.-N, Henderson KA, Cole-Dai J, Bolzan JF , Liu., K-B. 1995. Late glacial stage and Holocene tropical ice core records from Huascaran, Peru. Science 269: 46-50. Thompson, R.S., L. Benson, and E.M. Hattori. 1986. A revised chronology for the last Pleistocene lake cycle in the central Lahontan Basin. Quaternary Research 25:1-9. Webb, R.S., Rind, D.H., Lehman, S.J., Healy, R.J., and Sigman, D. 1997. Influence of ocean heat transport on the climate of the Last Glacial Maximum Nature 385: 695-699. Whitlock C and Bartlein, P.J. 1993. Spatial variations of Holocene climatic change in the Yellowstone region. Quaternary Research 39:231-238. Zielinski, G.A. and McCoy, W.D. 1987. Paleoclimatic implications of the relationship between modern snowpack and late Pleistocene equilibrium-line altitudes in the mountains of the Great Basin, western U.S.A. Arctic Alpine Research 19:127-134. |
PALEOCLIMATEASSIGNED READING R.S. Bradley. 1999. Paleoclimatology: reconstructing climates of the Quaternary (2nd Ed.) Academic Press. Chapter 12 OTHER REFERENCES Allen, J., Hoskins,R. L., Sellwood, B. J., Spicer, B. W., and Valdes, R. A. 1994. Palaeoclimates and their Modelling - With special reference to the Mesozoic Era. London, Chapman & Hall. Barnola, J.M., Raynaud, D., Korotkevich, T.S. and Loris, C. 1987. Vostok ice core provides 160,000-year record of atmospheric CO2. Nature 329: 408-413. Chess R.D., et al. 1989. Interpretation of cloud-climate feedbaack as produced by 14 atmospheric general circulation models. Science 245: 513-519. Damon, P.E. and Linick. T.W. 1986. Geomagnetic-Heliomagnetic modulation of atmospheric radiocarbon production. Radiocarbon 28: 266-278. Dickinson, R.E., Errico, R.M., Giorgi, F., and Bates, G.T. 1989. A regional climate model for the western United States. Climate Change 15:383-422. Davis, O.K., Sheppard, J.C. and Robertson, S. 1986. Contrasting climatic histories for the Snake River Plain result from multiple thermal maxima. Quaternary Res. 26:321-339. Flügel, E., and Flügel-Kahler, E. 1992. Phanerozoic reef evolution: Basic questions and data base. Facies 26: 167-278. Frakes, J. I., Francis, L. A., and Syktus, J. E. 1992. Climate Modes of the Phanerozoic: the history of the earth's climate over the past 600 million years. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Gallimore RG and Kutzbach JE 1991. Role of orbitally induced changes in tundra area in the onset of glaciation. Nature 381: 503-505. Glance, T.J., Jr., Barron, E.J., and Arthur, M.A., 1986. An initial study of the sensitivity of modeled cretaceous climate to cyclical insolation forcing. Paleoceanography 1: 523-537. Jones, P.D. 1988. The influence of ENSO on global temperataures. Climate Monitor 17:80-89. Kutzbach, J.E. 1981. Monsoon climate of the early Holocene: climatic experiment with the Earth's orbital parameters for 9000 years ago. Science 214:59-61. Kutzbach, J.E. and Guetter, P.J. 1986. The influence of changing orbital parameters and surface boundary conditions on climate simulations for the past 18,000 years. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 43:1726-1759. Kutzbach, J.E. and Wright, H.E., Jr. 1985. Simulation of the climate of 18,000 years BP: results for the North American/North Atlantic?European sector and comparison with the geologic record of North America. Quaternary Science Reviews 4:147-187. Martinson, D.G., Pisias, N.G., Hays, J.D., Imbrie, J., Moore, T.C., Jr., and Shackleton, N.J. 1987. Age dating and the orbital theory of the ice ages: Development of a high-resolution 0 - 300,000 year chronostratigraphy. Quaternary Research 27:1-29. Mix, A.C. 1987. The oxygen-isotope record of glaciation. IN: Ruddiman, W.F. and Wright, H.E., Jr. (Eds.), North America and adjacent oceans during the last deglaciation. Geol. Soc. Amer, Geology of North America, Vol. K-3. Prothero, D. R. and Berggren, W. A. 1992. Eocene-Oligocene Climatic and Biotic Evolution. Princeton, Princeton University Press. Sanders, J.E. and R.W. Fairbridge. 1987. Selected bibliography on sun-earth relationships and cycles having periods of less than 10,000 years. p 475-541 in M.R. Rampino et al. (eds.) Climate History, Periodicity and Predictability. Van Nostrand Reinh. Co., NY. Schwartz SE, and Andrean MO. 1996. Uncertainty in climate change caused by aerosols. Science 272: 1121-1122, Schlenger, M.E. and J.F.B. Mitchell. 1985. model projections of the equilibrium climatic response to increased car on dioxide. Chapter Four IN "The potential of climatic effects of increasing carbon dioxide." DOE/ER-0237. Sellers, W.D. 1983. A quasi-three-dimensional climate model. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology 22:1557-1574. Sellers, W.D. 1984. The response of a climate model to orbital variations. IN: Berger A. et al. (Eds.) Milankovitch and Climate Understanding the Response to Astronomical Forcing. D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland. pp. 765-788 Thompson, LG. and Mosley-Thompson, E. 1981. Microparticle concentration variations linked with climatic change: evidence from polar ice cores. Science 212: 812-815. Vakhrameev, V. A. 1991. Jurassic and Cretaceous floras and climates of the Earth. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Webb RS, Rind DH, Lehman SJ Healy RJ Simgan D. 1997. Influence of ocean heat transport on the climate of the last glacial maximum. Nature 385: 695-699. |
GEOLOGICAL - GEOPHYSICAL MECHANISMSASSIGNED READING R.S. Bradley. 1999. Paleoclimatology: reconstructing climates of the Quaternary. (2nd Ed.) Academic Press. Chapter 2 REFERENCES Berner, R.A., Lasaga, A.C. and Garrels, R.M. 1983. The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years. Amer. J. Sci. 283:641-683. Brandt D.S., and Elias, R.J. 1989. Temporal variations in tempestite thickness may be a geological record of atmospheric CO2. Geology 17:951-952. Cain, M.A. and Molnar, P. 2001. Closing of the Indonesian seaway as a precursor to east African aridification around 3-4 million years ago. Nature 411: 157-162. Crowell, J.C. and L.A. Frakes. 1970. Phanerozoic glaciation and the causes of ice ages. Amer. J. Sci. 268:193-224 Crowley, T.J., D.A. Short, J.G. Mengel, G.R. North. 1986. The role of seasonality in the evolution of climate during the last 100 million years. Science 231:579-584. Eddy, J.A. 1977. Climate and the Changing Sun. Climate Change 1:173-190. Endal, A. and Schatten. K 1982. The faint young sun - climate paradox: continental influences. J. Geophys. Res. 87:7295-7302. Huber, N.K. 1981. Amount and timing of late Cenozoic uplift and tilt of the central Sierra Nevada, California: Evidence from the upper San Joaquin River basin. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1197. Washington, DC. Karhu J and Epstein, S. 1986. The implication of the oxygen isotope records in coexisting cherts and phosphates.Geochemica et Cosmochemica Acta. 50: 1745-1756. Kerr N. 1989. Did the roof of the world start an ice age. Science 244: 1441-1442. Kutzbach, J.E. Press, W.L. and Ruddiman, W.F. 1993. Sensitivity of Eurasian climate to surface uplift of the Tibetan Plateau Jour. Geol. 101: 177-190. Parrish, J.T. and Peterson, F. 1988. Wind directions predicted from global circulation models and wind directions determined from eolian sandstones of the western United States - A comparison. Sedimentary Geology 56:261-282. Powell, C.M. and J.J. Veevers. Namurian uplift in Australia and South America triggered the main Gondwanan glaciation. Nature 326:177-179. Sahagian, D.L., Proussevitch, A.A. and Carlson, W.D. 2002. Timing of Colorado Plateau uplift: Initial constraints from vesicular basalt-derived paleoelevations. Geology 30: 807-810. Tarling, D.H. 1978. The geological-geophysical framework of ice ages. In Gribbin, J. (ed.) Climatic Change, Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 3-24. Wernicke B, Clayton R, Ducea M, Jones CH, Park S, Ruppert S, Salecby J, Show KJ, Squires L, Fledren M, Jiracek G, Keller R, Klemperer S, Luetgert J, Malin P, Muller K, Mooney W, Oliver H, Phenney P. 1996. Origin of high mountians in the continents: The southern Sierra Nevada. Science 271: 190-193. Wolf, J.A. and Leopold, E.B., 1967. Neogene and early Quaternary vegetation of northwestern North America and northeastern Asia pp. 193-206 IN: Hopkins, D.M. (Ed.) The Bering Land Bridge, Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif. Worsley, T.R., R.D. Nance, and J.B. Moody. 1986. Tectonic cycles and the history of the Earth's biogeochemical and paleooceanographic record. Paleoceanography 1:233-263. |
SOLAR VARIABILITYASSIGNED READING R.S. Bradley. 1999. Paleoclimatology: reconstructing climates of the Quaternary (2nd Ed.) Academic Press. Chapter 2 OTHER REFERENCES Beer, J., Mende, W. and Stellmacher, R. 2000. The role of the sun in climate forcing. Quaternary Science Reviews 19: 403-415. Beer, J., Siegenthaler, U., Bonani, G., Finkel, R.C., Oeschger, H., Suter, M., and Wolfli, W. 1988. Information on past solar activity and geomagnetism from 10Be in the Camp Century ice core. Nature 331: 675-679. Blackford, J. J. and Chambers, F. M. 1995. Proxy climate record for the last 1000 years from Irish blanket peat and a possible link to solar variabiity. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 133: 145-150. Blizard, J.B. 1987. Long-range prediction of solar activity. p. 415-420 in M.R. Rampino et al. (eds.) Climate History, Periodicity and Predictability. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., NY. Crowley, T. J. 2000. Causes of climate change over the past 1000 years. Science 289: 270-277. 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