Imaging and Physical
Properties of Accreted Proterozoic Terranes in the Western U.S.

One of the intriguing tectonic problems in the evolution of continental
lithosphere is the nature of accretion of fragments or terranes of continental
crust and their ultimate assimilation into the continental framework.
The Proterozoic (particularly between 1.8 and 1.6 Ga) was a time of
exceptional continental growth, a record of which is preserved in the 1500
km-wide Proterozoic orogenic belt in the southwestern United States.
During September-November 1999, the University of Arizona, a participant
in a major NSF-sponsored interdisciplinary project (Continental Dynamics - Rocky
Mountain Project: CD-ROM), helped
to collect over 200 km of high-quality vertical-component deep seismic
reflection data across important Precambrian crustal boundaries in Wyoming and
Colorado. The
University
of Arizona's primary effort, however, focused on collection of additional full-wavefield
(3-component) data to record both compressional and shear waves in order to 1)
improve the chances of detecting reflections from very steeply-dipping
boundaries, 2) to help determine directional properties of out-of-the-plane
reflections, and 3) to provide estimates of Poisson's ratios to help constrain
subsurface rock compositions.
In order to improve signal-to-noise ratios in the data, Elena
Shoshitaishvili, who graduated from the U of A with a Ph.D. in Reflection Seismology, developed a new
approach to harmonic noise removal that avoids some of the deleterious effects
of simple notch filtering. (This work is the subject of a manuscript
submitted to Geophysics). Notch filtering, which works well for
eliminating a single problem frequency, is not effective on data that contain
multiple problem frequencies. Elena used a time-domain-based method of
automatic estimation of noise frequencies and their amplitudes, followed by
subtraction of these estimated anomalous harmonics from the data.
Filtering reflection data from the northern CD-ROM transect across Archean and
Proterozoic terranes in southern Wyoming and northern Colorado in this way
significantly improved data quality even in areas where first breaks were
completely obscured by noise. New analyses of the improved first breaks
from CD-ROM multicomponent reflection data have provided more accurate
near-surface velocity models which have led to better estimates of rock
properties based on P- and S-wave arrivals. This filtering also improved
our ability to correlate the seismic data with geological exposures and now is
providing more robust three-dimensional information about deeper events.