Mental models (e.g., working model of a car engine while you are trying to diagnose a problem)

Conceptual models: description of general relationships within system

Graphic models: similar to conceptual models but depict data visually (e.g., map is not the actual surface of the Earth but an interpreted representation of it)

Physical or analog models: miniature versions of a system

Mathematical or numerical models: one or more equations use to describe the behavior of a system

Components of conceptual, analog, and numerical models:

inputs
outputs
feedbacks (positive, negative)
boundary conditions
forcing & response functions

Can models predict outcomes?
Think about it.