STRATEGIES TO SLOW EVOLUTION OF RESISTANT FORMS
Method of slowing evolution to pesticides and antibiotics	Example
Reduce variation in a fitness-related trait
Overkill with multiple drugs	Triple-drug therapy for AIDS
Use newer pesticides after applying older	Pesticide pyramiding
Ensure full dosage	Direct observation therapy for tuberdulosis
Reduce appearance of restant mutations	Engineer RT gene of HIV-1
Reduce pest population	Integrated pest management of resistant mutants
G.M. Crops - parasites	Non-drug/pesticide treatments
Reduce directional selection
Vary antibiotic/pesticide over time	Herbicide rotation
Vary antibiotic/pesticide over space	Vary treatments in host population
Use non-chemical control	Integrated pest management
Limit exposure to selection	Withhold powerful drugs
Avoid broad-spectrum antibiotics	Test for resistance before applying chemicals
Reduce heritability of a fitness-related trait
Dilute resistance alleles Steril insects	Cultivate susceptable weeds
Palumbi, S.R. 2001. Humans as the World's Greatest Evolutionary Force. Science 293: 1786-1790.