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NATS104 LIFE ON EARTH 
PRACTICE EXAM ---
(PREPARATION FOR EXAM 1) ---
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Some of these questions (in blue) are for material that has not been covered yet, this semester. Please answer them to the best of your ability.

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1. A mother is homozygous for blood type & has type-A blood, while the father is homozygous for blood type & has type-B blood. What blood type can their children be? (9)

A A
B B
C AB
D O
E all of the above
    Unanswered

2.A person with Klinefelter's Syndrome has the XXY genotype; phenotypically, the person is (12)
A always born dead
B female
C male
D both female and male
E neither female nor male
    Unanswered

3. An animal cell having one rather than two of each type of chromosome is (7)
A diploid
B haploid
C heterozygous
D homozygous
E mitotic
    Unanswered

4.AIDS is caused by a (8)
A bacteriophage
B bacterium
C fungus
D protozoan
E virus
    Unanswered

5.All of the following are true of mRNA EXCEPT it (8)
A brings individual amino acids to the ribosomes
B codes for protein synthesis in the ribosomes
C forms in the nucleus
D has uracil but not thymine
E is messanger RNA
    Unanswered

6.Archaebacteria have all the following characteristics EXCEPT: (7 *)
A They are resistant to antibiotics
B They cause several serious diseases
C They are commonly found in extremely hot and acidic places
D They are commonly found in methane-rich environments
E They are commonly found in extremely salty environments
    Unanswered

7.Bacteria are: (8)
A Animals
B Fungi
C Eukaryotes
D Plants
E Prokaryotes
    Unanswered

8. The offspring of a cross between an AA and an aa individual are (7)
A all AA
B all Aa
C all aa
D half AA & half aa
E half Aa & half aa
    Unanswered

9.Bonds between atoms involving the sharing of electrons by atoms are called (3)
A covalent
B ionic
C isotopic
D neandertals
E van der Waals (hydrogen)
    Unanswered

10.Cell membranes of eucaryots consist mainly of (3)
A carbohydrate bilayer and proteins
B cellulose bilayer and carbohydrates
C lipid bilayer and proteins
D protein bilayer and lipids
E ribonucleotide bilayer and lipids
    Unanswered

11.Crossovers and inversions occur during (9)
A interphase
B fertilization
C mitosis
D meiosis
E photosynthesis
    Unanswered

12.Elements that have less than or more than the normal number of electrons are (3)
A ions
B isotopes
C metals
D nucleic
E radioactive
    Unanswered

13.How many nucleotides are in an RNA codon? (9)
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
E 5
    Unanswered

14.Viruses are like living organisms in that they can by themselves undergo (7)
A energy transfer
B evolution
C homeostasis
D locomotion
E reproduction
    Unanswered

15.In humans, gender is determined by the (9)
A X chromosome
B chromosome 1
C Z chromosome
D Y chromosome
E W chromosome
    Unanswered

16.In this equation: H2O + ??? => CH2O + O2, the missing substance is (3)
A CH3
B CO2
C H20
D NO2
E O3
    Unanswered

17.Malaria is caused by a (7)
A bacteriophage
B bacterium
C fungus
D protozoan
E retrovirus
    Unanswered

18.RNA differes from DNA in __ (3)
A RNA has uracil rather than thymine
B RNA has ribose rather than deoxyribose
C RNA is single-stranded, DNA is double stranded
D all of the above
E none of the above
    Unanswered

19.Leibig's Law states that the most important nutrient in a system is the one (5)
A closest to the optimum for the producers that system
B highest on the food chain of consumers in the system
C in least abundance relative to the needs for that system
D with the greatest charge for molecules in the system
E with the shortest nutrient cycle of that system
    Unanswered

20.Life is made up of almost entirely (99%) of which six elements? (3)
A Ar, Na, Se, Cl, Li, Mg
B C, H, O, N, P, S
C amino acids, bases, fatty acids, nucleic acids, nucleotides, sugars
D amino acids, cholesterol, DNA, glucose, prions, RNA
E aRNA, iRNA, mRNA, qRNA, rRNA, tRNA
    Unanswered

21.Organelles (7)
A are absent in procaryotic cells
B are present in eucaryotic cells
C may contain DNA
D separate chemical reactions in time and space
E all of the above
    Unanswered

22.Phenotype (7)
A determines the arrangement of the chromosomes
B determines the genotype
C is determined by the genotype (and the environment)
D is the last stage of meiosis
E is the first stage of mitosis
    Unanswered

23.Models _______ systems (2)
A are made by
B create
C improve
D include
E simulate
    Unanswered

24.Polymers are made of basic units of (3)
A atoms
B cells
C electrons
D molecules
E neutrons
    Unanswered

25.Procaryotic cells do NOT have __________, but eucaryotic cells DO (7)
A cell membranes
B DNA
C mitochondria
D ribosomes
E RNA
    Unanswered

26.Molecules are made of __________ held together by __________ (3)
A atoms - bonds
B ions - electrons
C neutrons - energy
D polymers - attraction
E protons - charge
    Unanswered

27.Nucleic Acids are the building blocks of (3)
A Carbohydrates
B DNA
C Fat
D Protein
E Sugars
    Unanswered

28.The 64 possible combinations of nucleic acids in a codon code for the ____ common amino acids found in living organisms (10)
A 16
B 20
C 40
D 64
E 120
    Unanswered

29.The figure below represents a building block of (3)
A DNA
B Fat
C Protein
D RNA
E Starch
    Unanswered

30.The biopolymer "protein" is made of building blocks of (3)
A Amino Acid
B Fatty Acid
C Nucleic Acid
D Proton
E Sugar
    Unanswered

31.The correctly written taxonomic name for living humans is (5)
A Homo sapiens
B homo Sapien
C Homo sapien
D homo sapiens
E Homosapien
    Unanswered

32.The first living cells on earth, which appeared during the Archean, were (6)
A animals
B eukaryotic
C fungi
D plants
E prokaryotic
    Unanswered

33.The following elements are the most important nutrients for life, and make up 99% of all biological material EXCEPT (3)
A C
B F
C N
D O
E P
    Unanswered

34.The most favorable conditions for an organism's growth are called the (2)
A flux
B gradient
C growing season
D limiting nutrient
E optimum
    Unanswered

35.The offspring of a cross between an Aa and an aa individual will be (9)
A all AA
B all Aa
C all aa
D half AA & half aa
E half Aa & half aa
    Unanswered

36.The oxygen of the Earth's atmosphere has accumulated through (6)
A oxidation
B photosynthesis
C radioactive decay
D respiration
E sexual reproduction
    Unanswered

37.What is the genotype of individual 4 (table below)?
A LLTT
B LlTT
C LLtt
D llTT
E lltt
    Unanswered

38.The various forms of a gene, coding for different traits controlled by that gene are called (7)
A alleles
B genotypes
C heterozygous
D homozygous
E recessive
    Unanswered

39.The primary structure of proteins is determined by (10)
A dRNA
B mRNA
C nRNA
D rRNA
E tRNA
    Unanswered

40.Protein synthesis usually takes place on ___ in the ____ (9)
A DNA - ribosomes
B mitochondria - cytoplasm (E.R.)
C mitochondria - ribosomes
D ribosomes - cytoplasm
E chloroplasts - mitochondria
    Unanswered

41.What brings amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis? (8)
A dRNA
B mRNA
C nRNA
D rRNA
E tRNA
    Unanswered

42.Sexual reproduction involves the combination of gametes, the gametes result (primarily) from the process of (9)
A fertilization
B meiosis
C mitosis
D photosynthesis
E respiration
    Unanswered

43.What is the genotype of individual 2 (table below)? (7)
A LLTT
B LlTT
C LLtt
D llTT
E lltt
    Unanswered

44.Which is a characteristic of any balanced system? (2)
A Input to large reservoirs is greater than input to small reservoirs
B Input into reservoirs equals output from the reservoirs
C All reservoirs are of equal size
D The number of reservoirs equals the number of inputs
E The sum of all reservoirs is equal
    Unanswered

45.Which of the following crops results ONLY from asexual reproduction (7)
A corn
B potatoes
C rice
D sugar cane
E wheat
    Unanswered

46.The haploid number of human chromosomes is (7)
A 13
B 16
C 23
D 42
E 46
    Unanswered

47.Which of the following is a gauge of how well a measurement matches the true value? (2)
A accuracy
B precision
C probability
D repeatability
E stability
    Unanswered

48.Eukaryotic organisms first appeared in the fossil record __ billion years ago (6)
A 0.4
B 1.2
C 2.3
D 3.8
E 4.7
    Unanswered

49.Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the splitting of chromosomes into chromatids? (7)
A anaphase
B interphase
C metaphase
D prophase
E telophase
    Unanswered

50.Refer to the figure below: A. B. C, D, E, and F are fluxes such as evaporation, precipitation and groundwater flow. Which of the following statements must be true? (5)
A A-B = 1,300,000 103 km3
B F = E
C C = 13 103 km3
D A = B+C
E D = 0.25 (E-F)
    Unanswered

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