Evolutionary trends II

              • Adaptations
              • Convergence
              • Extinction
              • Macro- & Microevolution
              • Mutations
              • Selection
              • Speciation

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          What is evolution?

          Microevolution: popn. - species level e.g., natural selection
          • mutations
          • selection
          Macroevolution: above the species level e.g., biodiversity
          • speciation
          • extinction

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          Aspects of Macroevolution:



          Gradualism & Punctuated Equilibrium






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          Aspects of Macroevolution:

        • Genetic drift: random changes in gene frequency (allele frequencies) have greater effects on small populations. [link UCDavis]
        • Founder effect: (on isolated islands) the initial founding population undergoes genetic drift, producing a different frequencies of alleles from the parent population [LINK]
        • Bottleneck effect: a species crashes to a very small population size, producing lower genetic diversity after population recovery [LINK]

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